Emollient/Occlusive
Dimethicone
A silicone that creates a smooth, slippery feel on the skin, providing a blurring effect and helping to lock in moisture.
Usually helps with
Smoothing texture, creating a primer base
Watch for
Can feel heavy on very oily skin if over-applied.
The base for many skincare formulations.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Draws moisture into the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and plump.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Emollient
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter
A rich butter that moisturizes and nourishes the skin, improving its softness and suppleness.
Usually helps with
Dryness, nourishment
Watch for
Can be heavy for very oily skin types.
Emollient
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
A derivative of coconut oil and glycerin that acts as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient, helping to replenish the skin's surface.
Usually helps with
Moisturizing, softening
Humectant/Solvent
Propanediol
A plant-derived ingredient that helps to hydrate the skin and improve the texture of the formula.
Usually helps with
Hydration, texture enhancement
Emollient/Film Former
Polysilicone-11
A silicone that provides a smooth, silky feel and can help to create a protective barrier on the skin.
Usually helps with
Smoothing, primer effect
Watch for
Can contribute to a heavy feel if used in high concentrations.
Emulsifier/Conditioning Agent
Lauryl Peg-9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone
A silicone-based emulsifier that helps to blend oil and water components, contributing to a smooth texture and skin feel.
Usually helps with
Formula stability, smooth application
Solvent/Astringent
Alcohol
Can help other ingredients penetrate the skin, but in higher concentrations can be drying or irritating.
Usually helps with
Improving product texture, aiding penetration
Watch for
Potential for dryness or irritation, especially for sensitive or dry skin.
A versatile vitamin that helps improve skin texture, reduce the appearance of pores, and even out skin tone.
Usually helps with
Visible pores, uneven tone, texture
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated, but some may experience mild flushing.
Film Former
Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer
A polymer that forms a film on the skin, contributing to a smooth finish and potentially helping with makeup longevity.
Usually helps with
Smoothing, makeup adhesion
Humectant/Solvent
Butylene Glycol
A common humectant that helps to draw moisture to the skin and improve product texture.
Usually helps with
Hydration, texture
Colorant/Opacifier
Ci 77891 (Titanium Dioxide)
A white pigment used to provide color and opacity, also offers some UV protection.
Usually helps with
Color, opacity
Watch for
Can leave a white cast if not formulated well.
Botanical Extract
Malva Sylvestris (Mallow) Extract
Known for its soothing and hydrating properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing, hydration
Botanical Extract
Aframomum Angustifolium Seed Extract
This extract is known for its skin-perfecting properties, helping to refine texture and boost radiance.
Usually helps with
Texture refinement, radiance
Botanical Extract
Jasminum Officinale (Jasmine) Flower Extract
Known for its fragrance and potential antioxidant properties.
Usually helps with
Fragrance, antioxidant potential
Watch for
Fragrance can be irritating for some.
Antioxidant/Vitamin C Derivative
Ascorbyl Glucoside
A stable derivative of Vitamin C that helps to brighten the skin and provide antioxidant protection.
Usually helps with
Brightening, antioxidant protection
Watch for
Less potent than L-Ascorbic Acid but generally more stable and less irritating.
Skin-Conditioning Agent
Adenosine
Known for its anti-aging properties, helping to smooth wrinkles and improve skin's elasticity.
Usually helps with
Anti-aging, smoothing
Cleansing Agent/Emulsifier
Saponins
Naturally occurring compounds that can help to cleanse and emulsify ingredients.
Usually helps with
Formula texture, cleansing properties
Botanical Extract
Palmaria Palmata Extract
A red algae extract known for its skin-brightening and antioxidant properties.
Usually helps with
Brightening, antioxidant
Fragrance
Parfum (Fragrance)
Adds scent to the product. Can be a common cause of skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Watch for
Potential for irritation, redness, or allergic reactions, especially for sensitive skin.
Viscosity Controller
Stearalkonium Hectorite
A mineral-based ingredient used to thicken formulations and improve texture.
Usually helps with
Formula texture
Optical Diffuser
Boron Nitride
A mineral that helps to diffuse light, creating a soft-focus effect and blurring imperfections.
Usually helps with
Soft-focus effect, blurring
Viscosity Controller
Magnesium Sulfate
Used to adjust the thickness of the product.
Usually helps with
Formula texture
Emulsifier
Sorbitan Sesquioleate
Helps to blend oil and water ingredients in the formula.
Usually helps with
Formula stability
A sugar alcohol that helps to hydrate the skin and can improve the skin's barrier function.
Usually helps with
Hydration, barrier support
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
A common preservative that helps to prevent microbial growth in the product.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can be a source of benzene in combination with Vitamin C under certain conditions, though this is rare in well-formulated products.
Solvent
Propylene Carbonate
Used as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients in the formula.
Usually helps with
Formula texture
pH Adjuster/Exfoliant
Citric Acid
Used to adjust the pH of the product. In higher concentrations, it can act as an exfoliant.
Usually helps with
pH balancing
Watch for
Can cause irritation if the pH is too low.
Humectant/Preservative Booster
Pentylene Glycol
A humectant that also helps to boost the effectiveness of preservatives and improve skin feel.
Usually helps with
Hydration, preservation
Optical Diffuser/Opacifier
Synthetic Fluorphlogopite
A synthetic mica-like mineral that provides a pearlescent effect and helps to diffuse light for a soft-focus finish.
Usually helps with
Radiance, blurring
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the product to ensure stability and efficacy.
Usually helps with
pH balancing
Watch for
Can be irritating if the pH is not properly adjusted.
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A common preservative used to prevent the growth of mold and yeast.
Usually helps with
Preservation
A form of Vitamin E that helps to protect the skin from environmental damage.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
Colorant
Ci 77491 (Iron Oxides)
Mineral pigments used to provide color to the product.
Colorant
Ci 77492 (Iron Oxides)
Mineral pigments used to provide color to the product.
A mineral that adds shimmer and helps to diffuse light, contributing to a radiant finish.
Usually helps with
Radiance, soft-focus effect
Coupling Agent
Triethoxycaprylylsilane
Used to improve the dispersion of pigments and powders in the formula.
Usually helps with
Formula texture, pigment dispersion
Fragrance Component
Limonene
A common fragrance ingredient derived from citrus fruits. Can be a skin irritant and allergen.
Watch for
Potential for skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Fragrance Component
Geraniol
A fragrance ingredient with a rose-like scent. Can be a skin irritant and allergen.
Watch for
Potential for skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Fragrance Component
Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone
A synthetic fragrance ingredient with a violet-like scent. It is a known allergen.
Watch for
High potential for allergic reactions.
Colorant/Opacifier
Aluminum Hydroxide
Used as a colorant and to improve the texture and opacity of the formula.
Usually helps with
Color, texture
Fragrance Component
Citronellol
A fragrance ingredient with a rose-like scent. Can be a skin irritant and allergen.
Watch for
Potential for skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Fragrance Component
Citral
A fragrance ingredient with a lemon-like scent. Can be a skin irritant and allergen.
Watch for
Potential for skin irritation and allergic reactions.