The base for many cosmetic formulations, dissolving other ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Pentylene Glycol
A hydrating ingredient that also acts as a preservative booster.
Usually helps with
Dry to normal skin
Watch for
Can be mildly irritating for very sensitive skin
Astringent
Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Water
Known for its toning and anti-inflammatory properties, it can help reduce oiliness and soothe skin.
Usually helps with
Oily and acne-prone skin
Watch for
Can be drying for some skin types
Humectant
Hydroxyethyl Urea
A derivative of urea that provides excellent hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
Helps other ingredients penetrate the skin and can improve texture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
A skin-conditioning agent derived from coconut oil and glycerin that replenishes the skin's surface.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A Vitamin A derivative that accelerates cell turnover, boosts collagen, and reduces signs of aging. It can also help with acne and hyperpigmentation.
Usually helps with
Aging skin, acne-prone skin, hyperpigmentation
Watch for
Can cause irritation, redness, peeling, and increased sun sensitivity, especially when first starting.
A plant-based ingredient that mimics some of retinol's benefits, such as improving the appearance of fine lines and texture, but is often better tolerated.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive skin looking for anti-aging benefits
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated, but patch testing is always recommended.
Antioxidant
Nephelium Lappaceum Leaf Extract
Derived from rambutan leaves, it offers antioxidant benefits.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Soothing
Centella Asiatica Extract
Known for its wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties, it helps to calm and repair the skin.
Usually helps with
Sensitive, irritated, or compromised skin
A component of chamomile, it has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Usually helps with
Sensitive and irritated skin
A powerful antioxidant that protects against free radical damage and can enhance the stability and effectiveness of other antioxidants.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially those concerned with environmental damage
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate
The salt form of hyaluronic acid, it attracts and retains moisture, plumping the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry and dehydrated
A stable, hydrogenated form of squalene, it is a lightweight moisturizer that mimics the skin's natural oils.
Usually helps with
All skin types, including oily and acne-prone
An essential fatty acid that helps maintain the skin's barrier function and hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry and compromised skin
Another essential fatty acid that supports skin barrier health.
Usually helps with
Dry and compromised skin
Antioxidant
Soy Isoflavones
Plant-derived compounds with antioxidant properties that may help improve skin texture and firmness.
Usually helps with
Mature skin
Antioxidant
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
Green tea extract, rich in antioxidants, known for its anti-inflammatory and protective properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive or aging
Soothing
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice
Known for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive and sun-exposed
Soothing
Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract
Provides a cooling and soothing effect, often used to calm and hydrate the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive or irritated
A component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF), it helps to bind moisture to the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
An Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) that exfoliates the skin's surface, improving texture and tone. It also has hydrating properties.
Usually helps with
Dull skin, uneven texture, hyperpigmentation
Watch for
Can cause sensitivity and sun sensitivity; start slowly.
Antioxidant
Rehmannia Glutinosa Root Extract
A traditional herbal ingredient with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Essential components of cell membranes, they help to restore the skin's barrier and improve hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry and compromised skin
Work with phospholipids to support the skin's barrier function and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Dry and compromised skin
Fragrance Ingredient
Farnesol
A fragrance component that can also have some antimicrobial properties. It is a potential allergen.
Watch for
Potential skin irritant and allergen for sensitive individuals.
Soothing
Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract
Chamomile extract, known for its calming and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
Sensitive and irritated skin
An Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) with a larger molecule size, making it gentler for exfoliation and beneficial for acne-prone and sensitive skin.
Usually helps with
Acne-prone skin, sensitive skin, hyperpigmentation
Watch for
Can cause mild irritation and sun sensitivity.
A classic humectant that draws moisture from the air into the skin, keeping it hydrated and soft.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
A common solvent and humectant that helps improve product texture and hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A polysaccharide used as a thickener and to improve skin feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A salt derived from olive oil, used as a cleansing agent.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be drying for some.
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of formulations to ensure stability and efficacy. In small amounts, it's safe.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating if the pH is too high.
A synthetic emulsifier and surfactant that helps to mix oil and water. Can be a mild irritant.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Potential for mild irritation in sensitive individuals.
An Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) used to adjust pH and provide mild exfoliation.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can cause sensitivity and sun sensitivity; start slowly.
Chelating Agent
Sodium Phytate
A salt of phytic acid, used to bind metal ions and improve product stability.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Peel Extract
Contains Vitamin C and antioxidants, but can also be photosensitizing and potentially irritating due to its acidity.
Usually helps with
Brightening, antioxidant support
Watch for
Photosensitivity, potential irritation.
Fragrance Ingredient
Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Extract
A citrus extract often used for fragrance. Can be photosensitizing and a potential irritant.
Watch for
Photosensitivity, potential irritation.
Fragrance Ingredient
Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower/Leaf/Stem Extract
Lavender extract, often used for its scent and calming properties. Can be a potential allergen for some.
Watch for
Potential allergen for sensitive individuals.
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A common preservative used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetic products.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations.
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
A preservative that prevents the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A preservative used to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
Usually helps with
All skin types