Emollient
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
A skin-conditioning agent derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It helps to replenish the skin's surface lipids.
Usually helps with
Dryness, softening skin
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated
A silicone that forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to reduce water loss and provide a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
Smoothing, barrier support
Watch for
Some prefer to avoid silicones
Emollient
Dicaprylyl Carbonate
A plant-derived emollient that softens and smooths the skin, improving spreadability.
Usually helps with
Softening, improving texture
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated
Emollient
Coco-Caprylate/Caprate
A lightweight, naturally derived emollient that conditions the skin without feeling greasy.
Usually helps with
Lightweight hydration, softening
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated
UV Filter
Butyloctyl Salicylate
An organic sunscreen agent that absorbs UVB rays. It's often used to improve the feel of formulations.
Usually helps with
UV protection
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Can be a penetration enhancer
A plant-derived humectant that attracts and holds moisture in the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
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Generally well-tolerated
Emulsifier
Lauryl Polyglyceryl-3 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone
A silicone-based emulsifier that helps to blend oil and water ingredients, contributing to a smooth texture.
Usually helps with
Texture, emulsification
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Silicone derivative
Emulsifier
Polyhydroxystearic Acid
A dispersing agent that helps keep mineral sunscreen particles evenly distributed.
Usually helps with
Formula stability
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Can be a thickener
Film Former
Polymethylsilsesquioxane
A silicone-based powder that can provide a soft-focus effect and absorb oil.
Usually helps with
Texture, mattifying
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Silicone derivative
Helps to reduce the appearance of dark spots and improve overall skin tone.
Usually helps with
Hyperpigmentation, uneven tone
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Can cause mild irritation in some
Soothing Agent
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice
Known for its soothing and hydrating properties, it can help calm the skin.
Usually helps with
Soothing, hydration
Watch for
Allergic reactions in rare cases
Antioxidant
Hibiscus Sabdariffa Flower Extract
Rich in antioxidants, it can help protect the skin from environmental stressors.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
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Generally well-tolerated
Antioxidant
Pongamia Pinnata Seed Extract
A plant extract with antioxidant properties that may help protect the skin.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
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Limited research on topical benefits
Humectant
Saccharide Isomerate
A plant-derived humectant that binds moisture to the skin, providing long-lasting hydration.
Usually helps with
Hydration
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Generally well-tolerated
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate
The salt form of hyaluronic acid, it attracts and retains moisture in the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration, plumping
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated
Preservative Booster
Ethylhexylglycerin
A skin-conditioning agent that also acts as a preservative booster, helping to enhance the effectiveness of other preservatives.
Usually helps with
Preservation
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Can be a mild skin irritant for some
Emulsifier
Dimethicone/ Polyglycerin-3 Crosspolymer
A silicone-based emulsifier that helps create a smooth texture and can provide a light, breathable feel.
Usually helps with
Texture, emulsification
Watch for
Silicone derivative
UV Filter
Magnesium Hydroxide
Used in some mineral sunscreens to help disperse zinc oxide and titanium dioxide particles.
Usually helps with
Formula stability
Watch for
Can affect texture
Silicone
Triethoxycaprylylsilane
A coupling agent used to improve the dispersion of pigments and powders in formulations.
Usually helps with
Formula stability
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Silicone derivative
Humectant
Magnesium Sulfate
Epsom salt, can help draw moisture to the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
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Can be drying in high concentrations
Thickener
Disteardimonium Hectorite
A clay derivative used to thicken formulations and improve stability.
Usually helps with
Texture, stability
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Can affect texture
Viscosity Adjuster
Sodium Chloride
Common salt, used to adjust the viscosity of the product.
Usually helps with
Formula consistency
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Generally well-tolerated
Antioxidant
Triethyl Citrate
A derivative of citric acid, it can act as an antioxidant and chelating agent.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
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Generally well-tolerated
Buffering Agent
Sodium Citrate
A salt of citric acid, used to adjust pH and as a chelating agent.
Usually helps with
pH balance
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Generally well-tolerated
Chelating Agent
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate
A biodegradable chelating agent that helps improve the stability and efficacy of preservatives.
Usually helps with
Formula stability
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A common preservative used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetic products.
Usually helps with
Preservation
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Can be irritating for some sensitive skin types
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A salt of sorbic acid, used as a preservative to prevent the growth of mold and yeast.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated