The base of the formulation, dissolving other ingredients.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Humectant
Propylene Glycol
Draws moisture to the skin and helps other ingredients penetrate.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive skin types.
A BHA that exfoliates inside pores, targeting acne and congestion.
Usually helps with
Acne, blackheads, oily skin
Watch for
Can cause dryness and peeling, especially at higher concentrations or with frequent use.
A PHA that provides gentle exfoliation and humectant properties.
Usually helps with
Gentle exfoliation, hydration, sensitive skin
Emulsifier
Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate
Helps to mix oil and water-based ingredients.
An AHA that exfoliates the skin's surface, improving texture and hydration.
Usually helps with
Dullness, uneven texture, dry skin
Watch for
Can increase sun sensitivity.
An AHA that helps with exfoliation and can improve skin tone and texture.
Usually helps with
Uneven tone, texture
Watch for
Can be more potent and potentially irritating than other AHAs.
A mild exfoliant that also has antioxidant properties and can help with skin brightening.
Usually helps with
Dullness, hyperpigmentation
Active
Potassium Azeloyl Diglycinate
A derivative of azelaic acid that helps reduce redness, inflammation, and post-acne marks.
Usually helps with
Redness, acne, hyperpigmentation
Active
Salix Alba (Willow) Bark Extract
A natural source of salicylic acid, offering anti-inflammatory and exfoliating benefits.
Usually helps with
Acne, inflammation
An amino acid derivative that can help with skin conditioning and exfoliation.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
A sugar alcohol that helps retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A fatty acid that softens and smooths the skin.
Usually helps with
Dryness
Preservative
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
A natural preservative derived from fermented radish root.
Fragrance Ingredient
Farnesol
A fragrance component that can also have antimicrobial properties.
Watch for
Potential allergen for some individuals.
Antioxidant
Tetrahydrocurcumin
A derivative of curcumin with antioxidant and skin-brightening properties.
Usually helps with
Dullness, antioxidant protection
Antimicrobial
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
An antiseptic agent used to kill bacteria.
Usually helps with
Antimicrobial action
Watch for
Can be drying and irritating; typically used in specific medical or cleansing applications.
Antioxidant
Soy Isoflavones
Plant-derived compounds with antioxidant and potential anti-aging benefits.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
Humectant
Saccharide Isomerate
A carbohydrate complex that binds moisture to the skin, providing long-lasting hydration.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Helps to regulate sebum production and has anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
Oiliness, acne
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate
A form of hyaluronic acid that attracts and holds moisture in the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Emulsifier
Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate
An emulsifier derived from glucose and stearic acid, helping to stabilize the formula.
Emollient
Neopentyl Glycol Diethylhexanoate
A synthetic emollient that provides a smooth, non-greasy feel.
Usually helps with
Smoothness
Emulsifier
PEG-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate
An emulsifier that helps blend oil and water ingredients.
Watch for
PEG compounds can sometimes be associated with irritation for sensitive skin.
Emulsifier
Glyceryl Stearate
An emulsifier and emollient that helps to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
Softening
A skin-brightening agent that also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
Hyperpigmentation, dullness
Watch for
Can cause irritation in some individuals.
Solvent
Dimethyl Isosorbide
A solvent that can help improve the penetration of other ingredients.
Usually helps with
Ingredient delivery
A solvent and humectant that helps to hydrate the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A lightweight, non-greasy emollient that improves skin feel.
Usually helps with
Smoothness
pH Adjuster
Potassium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the product.
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations.
A fatty acid that helps to emulsify and condition the skin.
Usually helps with
Conditioning
An AHA used to adjust pH and provide mild exfoliation.
Usually helps with
Exfoliation, pH balance
Watch for
Can increase sun sensitivity.
Chelating Agent
Calcium Gluconate
Helps to stabilize the formula.
pH Adjuster
Sodium Citrate
Used to adjust the pH of the product.
Soothing Agent
Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Water
Known for its soothing and hydrating properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing, hydration
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A common preservative used to prevent microbial growth.
Watch for
Can be irritating for some sensitive skin types.
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
A preservative that helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A preservative used to inhibit the growth of mold and yeast.