The base liquid for the serum.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Helps to attract moisture to the skin and improve product texture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some
A versatile ingredient that helps with brightening, oil control, and barrier support.
Usually helps with
Most skin types, especially dull or uneven tone
Watch for
Can cause temporary flushing or redness in sensitive individuals
A skin-conditioning agent that also helps to improve the absorption of other ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Preservative
1,2-Hexanediol
A multi-functional ingredient used as a preservative and humectant.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some
Humectant
Glyceryl Glucoside
Helps to hydrate and protect the skin.
Usually helps with
Dry or dehydrated skin
A classic humectant that draws water into the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A sugar alcohol that provides hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Used to thicken the formula and improve texture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some
An amino acid that helps to maintain skin hydration and has antioxidant properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emulsifier
Hydrogenated Lecithin
Helps to blend oil and water ingredients, and can also be moisturizing.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Active
3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
A stable and potent Vitamin C derivative that brightens, fades dark spots, and supports collagen.
Usually helps with
Dull skin, dark spots, uneven tone
Watch for
Can cause sensitivity or irritation in some, especially at higher concentrations or with frequent use.
Antioxidant
Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Peel Extract
Contains antioxidants and can have brightening properties, but also contains fragrance.
Usually helps with
Dull skin
Watch for
Potential for photosensitivity and irritation due to fragrance and citrus components.
A natural gum used to thicken and stabilize the formula.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Soothes and protects the skin, promoting healing.
Usually helps with
Sensitive or irritated skin
Preservative
Ethylhexylglycerin
A skin-conditioning agent with antimicrobial properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some
Emulsifier
Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate
A gentle emulsifier that helps to mix oil and water.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A potent antioxidant that can help to brighten skin and reduce oxidative stress.
Usually helps with
Dull skin, uneven tone
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated, but some individuals may experience mild irritation.
Antioxidant
Coptis Japonica Root Extract
Known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Usually helps with
Irritated or sensitive skin
Antioxidant
Gardenia Florida Fruit Extract
Contains antioxidants and may have soothing properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate
The salt form of hyaluronic acid, it attracts and retains moisture.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or dehydrated
Chelating Agent
Sodium Phytate
Helps to improve the stability of the formula by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A carbohydrate that can help to hydrate the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Active
Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate
An oil-soluble Vitamin C derivative that is stable and effective at brightening and antioxidant protection.
Usually helps with
Dull skin, dark spots, uneven tone
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated, but can cause mild irritation in sensitive individuals.
A PHA that provides gentle exfoliation and hydration, suitable for sensitive skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive or dry
A powerful antioxidant that enhances the stability and efficacy of Vitamin C and E.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially those concerned with aging and environmental damage
Soothing Agent
Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract
Known for its calming and healing properties, it helps to reduce redness and irritation.
Usually helps with
Sensitive, irritated, or acne-prone skin
Skin-Replenishing
Ceramide Np
A type of ceramide that helps to restore and maintain the skin's natural barrier.
Usually helps with
Dry, compromised, or aging skin
Encapsulation Agent
Cyclodextrin
Used to stabilize and deliver active ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Probiotic
Bifida Ferment Lysate
A fermented ingredient that can help to strengthen the skin barrier and improve skin resilience.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially stressed or compromised skin
Probiotic
Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate
A fermented ingredient that can help to balance the skin microbiome.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Probiotic
Lactococcus Ferment Lysate
A fermented ingredient that can help to improve skin texture and hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Solvent
Dipropylene Glycol
A solvent that can also act as a humectant.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some
An enzyme that aids in gentle exfoliation.
Usually helps with
All skin types, for gentle exfoliation
Watch for
Can cause mild irritation if overused or if skin is already sensitive.
Also known as Vitamin B5, it hydrates, soothes, and aids in skin repair.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or sensitive
Soothing Agent
Asiaticoside
A compound from Centella Asiatica known for its soothing and wound-healing properties.
Usually helps with
Irritated or sensitive skin
Soothing Agent
Asiatic Acid
Another compound from Centella Asiatica, it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
Usually helps with
Irritated or sensitive skin
Soothing Agent
Madecassic Acid
The third key compound from Centella Asiatica, it aids in skin repair and soothing.
Usually helps with
Irritated or sensitive skin
A polysaccharide that hydrates and soothes the skin, with potential immune-boosting properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or sensitive
Active
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
A water-soluble Vitamin C derivative that is stable and has antioxidant and brightening benefits.
Usually helps with
Oily or acne-prone skin, dullness
Watch for
Less potent than some other Vitamin C forms, but generally well-tolerated.
Attracts and holds moisture in the skin, providing hydration and plumping.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or dehydrated
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer
A cross-linked form of hyaluronic acid that provides sustained hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or dehydrated
Humectant
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid
Smaller molecules of hyaluronic acid that can penetrate deeper into the skin for hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or dehydrated
Humectant
Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate
A derivative of hyaluronic acid that offers enhanced skin penetration and hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or dehydrated
Humectant
Hydroxypropyltrimonium Hyaluronate
A cationic form of hyaluronic acid that binds to the skin for long-lasting hydration.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or dehydrated
Humectant
Potassium Hyaluronate
A salt form of hyaluronic acid that helps to retain moisture.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or dehydrated
Humectant
Pentylene Glycol
A multi-functional ingredient used as a humectant and preservative booster.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some
Humectant
Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate
A derivative of hyaluronic acid that provides excellent hydration and skin barrier support.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry or dehydrated
Pure Vitamin C, a potent antioxidant that brightens, fades dark spots, and stimulates collagen. However, it can be unstable and irritating.
Usually helps with
Dull skin, dark spots, uneven tone, anti-aging
Watch for
Can cause stinging, redness, and photosensitivity. Best used at night or with SPF during the day. Not ideal for very sensitive skin.
Vitamin B12, an antioxidant that may help with skin health.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Vitamin B7, important for skin health.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Vitamin B9, plays a role in cell growth and repair.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Vitamin B2, an antioxidant.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Vitamin B6, involved in skin health.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Vitamin B1, important for energy metabolism in cells.
Usually helps with
All skin types