Active Sunscreen
Avobenzone
A chemical filter that provides broad-spectrum UVA protection. It can be photounstable on its own, so it's often paired with other filters.
Usually helps with
UVA protection
Watch for
Can degrade with UV exposure if not stabilized
Active Sunscreen
Homosalate
A chemical filter that absorbs UVB rays. It is often used to enhance the stability of other filters.
Usually helps with
UVB protection
Watch for
Potential endocrine disruptor concerns
Active Sunscreen
Octisalate
A chemical filter that absorbs UVB rays. It is generally considered safe and effective.
Usually helps with
UVB protection
Watch for
Can be photounstable
Active Sunscreen
Octocrylene
A chemical filter that absorbs UVB and some UVA rays. It also helps stabilize other filters like Avobenzone.
Usually helps with
UVB and some UVA protection, stabilizer
Watch for
Potential skin irritant for some, environmental concerns
The base solvent for most cosmetic formulations.
Usually helps with
Dissolving ingredients
Film Former
Polymethylsilsesquioxane
A silicone-based ingredient that can provide a smooth feel and mattifying effect.
Usually helps with
Texture enhancement, mattifying
A common humectant that draws water into the skin, helping to keep it hydrated.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Humectant
Dipropylene Glycol
A solvent and humectant that can help improve the texture of the product.
Usually helps with
Texture, hydration
Watch for
Can be irritating for very sensitive skin
A silicone that provides a smooth feel and helps to create a protective barrier on the skin.
Usually helps with
Emollience, barrier function
Watch for
Can feel heavy for some
Emollient
Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil
A nourishing oil rich in fatty acids and vitamin E, known for its moisturizing properties.
Usually helps with
Moisturizing, nourishing
Antioxidant
Tocopheryl Acetate
A form of Vitamin E that acts as an antioxidant, protecting the skin from free radical damage.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
Skin Conditioning
Yeast Extract
Can provide skin-conditioning benefits and may help with skin renewal.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
Emollient
Cyclopentasiloxane
A volatile silicone that evaporates quickly, leaving a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
Texture, smooth feel
Emollient
Cyclohexasiloxane
A silicone that provides a smooth feel and helps with product spreadability.
Usually helps with
Texture, spreadability
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol
A common preservative used to prevent microbial growth in cosmetic products.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can be irritating for some
Emulsifier
Lauryl PEG-9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone
An emulsifier that helps to blend oil and water-based ingredients.
Usually helps with
Emulsification
A solvent that can help with product texture and spreadability.
Usually helps with
Texture, spreadability
Emulsifier
Dimethicone/PEG-15/Lauryl Dimethicone Crosspolymer
A cross-polymer that acts as an emulsifier and can improve product texture.
Usually helps with
Emulsification, texture
Humectant
Saccharide Isomerate
A plant-derived ingredient that binds moisture to the skin, providing long-lasting hydration.
Usually helps with
Deep hydration
Humectant
Methyl Gluceth-20
A moisturizing agent that helps attract and retain water in the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Viscosity Controlling Agent
Sodium Chloride
Used to adjust the thickness of the product.
Usually helps with
Product texture
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate
The salt form of hyaluronic acid, a powerful humectant that attracts and holds moisture in the skin.
Usually helps with
Intense hydration, plumping
A component of chamomile that has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing, calming
Emulsifier
PEG-15/Lauryl Dimethicone Crosspolymer
A cross-polymer that acts as an emulsifier and can improve product texture.
Usually helps with
Emulsification, texture
A component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor, it helps to attract and bind moisture.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Humectant
Propylene Glycol
A solvent and humectant that can help improve the texture of the product.
Usually helps with
Texture, hydration
Watch for
Can be irritating for very sensitive skin
An emulsifier that helps to mix oil and water. It can be ethoxylated, which may leave trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane.
Usually helps with
Emulsification
Watch for
Potential for trace contaminants
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
A preservative that helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Watch for
Can interact with Vitamin C to form benzene
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A preservative used to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Buffering Agent
Sodium Citrate
Used to adjust the pH of the product.
Usually helps with
pH balance
Buffering Agent
Citric Acid
Used to adjust the pH of the product.
Usually helps with
pH balance
Antioxidant
Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract
An extract from elderberries, rich in antioxidants that can help protect the skin.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
A fatty alcohol that acts as an emollient and thickener, providing a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
Emollience, texture
Skin Conditioning
Saccharomyces/Magnesium Ferment
A fermented ingredient that can provide minerals and conditioning benefits to the skin.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
Skin Conditioning
Hydrolyzed Silk
Silk proteins that can help to condition and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, smoothing
A fatty acid that acts as an emollient and thickener.
Usually helps with
Emollience, texture
Skin Conditioning
Ceramide NP
A type of ceramide that helps to restore the skin's barrier function and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration
A lipid that is a natural component of the skin barrier, helping to maintain hydration and suppleness.
Usually helps with
Barrier function, hydration
Preservative Booster
Ethylhexylglycerin
A preservative booster that also has skin conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
Preservation, skin conditioning
A form of Vitamin E that acts as an antioxidant, protecting the skin from free radical damage.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
Skin Conditioning
Ceramide NS
A type of ceramide that helps to restore the skin's barrier function and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration
Skin Conditioning
Saccharomyces/Iron Ferment
A fermented ingredient that can provide minerals and conditioning benefits to the skin.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
Skin Conditioning
Saccharomyces/Copper Ferment
A fermented ingredient that can provide minerals and conditioning benefits to the skin.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
Skin Conditioning
Saccharomyces/Silicon Ferment
A fermented ingredient that can provide minerals and conditioning benefits to the skin.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
Skin Conditioning
Saccharomyces/Zinc Ferment
A fermented ingredient that can provide minerals and conditioning benefits to the skin.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
A solvent and humectant that helps to improve product texture and hydration.
Usually helps with
Texture, hydration
Watch for
Can be irritating for very sensitive skin
Skin Conditioning
Ceramide AP
A type of ceramide that helps to restore the skin's barrier function and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration
Skin Conditioning
Ceramide EOP
A type of ceramide that helps to restore the skin's barrier function and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration
Skin Conditioning
Ceramide EOS
A type of ceramide that helps to restore the skin's barrier function and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration
Antioxidant
Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract
An extract from olive leaves, rich in antioxidants that can help protect the skin.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
Skin Conditioning
Caprooyl Phytosphingosine
A synthetic ceramide that helps to strengthen the skin barrier and improve hydration.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration
Skin Conditioning
Caprooyl Sphingosine
A synthetic ceramide that helps to strengthen the skin barrier and improve hydration.
Usually helps with
Barrier repair, hydration
Chelating Agent
Disodium EDTA
A chelating agent that helps to improve the stability and efficacy of the product by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
Product stability
Watch for
Can enhance penetration of other ingredients
Antioxidant
Ascorbyl Palmitate
A fat-soluble form of Vitamin C that acts as an antioxidant.
Usually helps with
Antioxidant protection
Watch for
Less potent than L-Ascorbic Acid
A mineral used to add shimmer or color to products.
Usually helps with
Aesthetics
Formula support
Dimethicone/PEG-10/15 Crosspolymer
Included in the source ingredient list. Glass treats this as part of the supporting formula unless it overlaps with a known active, preservative, or fragrance flag.
Usually helps with
Formula completeness and routine context
Watch for
Personal sensitivity, especially if your skin is reactive or the ingredient overlaps with other products in your routine