Solvent
WATER / AQUA / EAU
The base of the formulation, dissolving other ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
An AHA that exfoliates the skin's surface, helping to reveal smoother, brighter skin and improve uneven tone and texture. Can cause sensitivity.
Usually helps with
Dullness, uneven texture, pores
Watch for
Potential for redness, peeling, or increased sun sensitivity
Attracts water to the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and moisturized.
Usually helps with
All skin types, dryness
A solvent and humectant that helps ingredients penetrate the skin and retain moisture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be an irritant for some sensitive skin types
Emollient
GLYCERYL OLEATE CITRATE
Helps to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
Dryness, texture
Emollient
HEPTYL UNDECYLENATE
A plant-derived emollient that improves skin feel and softness.
Usually helps with
Dryness, texture
Emulsifier
HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE/SODIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE COPOLYMER
Used to stabilize emulsions and thicken the product. Can be a potential irritant.
Usually helps with
Product texture
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity
Antioxidant
TOCOPHEROL ACETATE
A form of Vitamin E that provides antioxidant protection against free radicals.
Usually helps with
All skin types, protection
Also known as Pro-Vitamin B5, it hydrates, soothes, and aids in skin repair.
Usually helps with
Dryness, irritation, barrier support
Antioxidant
ACER SACCHARUM (SUGAR MAPLE) EXTRACT
Contains natural alpha hydroxy acids and antioxidants that can help to gently exfoliate and protect the skin.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture
Soothing Agent
ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF JUICE
Known for its soothing, hydrating, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
Irritation, dryness, redness
Skin Conditioning Agent
CALCIUM GLUCONATE
A mineral that can help to condition the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant
CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT
Green tea extract, rich in antioxidants that help protect skin from environmental damage.
Usually helps with
All skin types, protection
Emollient
CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE
A skin-replenishing ingredient derived from coconut oil and glycerin that helps to restore the skin's surface.
Usually helps with
Dryness, texture
A humectant and preservative booster that can also improve skin feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be an irritant for some sensitive skin types
An alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that can exfoliate and brighten skin. Also used to adjust pH.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture
Watch for
Potential for irritation at higher concentrations
Antioxidant
CITRUS AURANTIUM DULCIS (ORANGE) FRUIT EXTRACT
Contains vitamin C and antioxidants, but can be phototoxic and irritating for some.
Usually helps with
Brightening
Watch for
Potential for photosensitivity and irritation
Antioxidant
CITRUS LIMON (LEMON) FRUIT EXTRACT
Contains vitamin C and antioxidants, but can be phototoxic and irritating for some.
Usually helps with
Brightening
Watch for
Potential for photosensitivity and irritation
Preservative
ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN
A preservative that also has skin-conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be an irritant for some sensitive skin types
A PHA that gently exfoliates, hydrates, and has antioxidant properties. Less irritating than AHAs.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture, sensitive skin
A potent AHA that exfoliates effectively but can be irritating and increase sun sensitivity.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture, fine lines
Watch for
Potential for redness, stinging, and increased sun sensitivity
Humectant
HYDROLYZED SODIUM HYALURONATE
A smaller molecular weight form of hyaluronic acid that penetrates deeper to hydrate and plump the skin.
Usually helps with
Dryness, dehydration
An AHA that exfoliates and can help improve skin texture and tone. Milder than glycolic acid.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture
Watch for
Potential for irritation
Soothing Agent
MATRICARIA RECUTITA (MATRICARIA) FLOWER EXTRACT
Chamomile extract known for its calming and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
Irritation, redness
Humectant
PENTYLENE GLYCOL
A humectant that also acts as a preservative booster and can improve skin feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be an irritant for some sensitive skin types
Used to mix oil and water ingredients. Can be a potential irritant.
Usually helps with
Product texture
Watch for
Potential for skin sensitivity
Exfoliant
SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM (SUGARCANE) EXTRACT
A natural source of glycolic acid, providing gentle exfoliation.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture
Humectant
SODIUM ACETYLATED HYALURONATE
A derivative of hyaluronic acid that offers enhanced hydration and skin barrier support.
Usually helps with
Dryness, dehydration
Humectant
SODIUM HYALURONATE
A salt form of hyaluronic acid that attracts and holds moisture in the skin.
Usually helps with
Dryness, dehydration
Humectant
SODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMER
A cross-linked form of hyaluronic acid that provides long-lasting hydration and a plumping effect.
Usually helps with
Dryness, dehydration
pH Adjuster
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Used to adjust the pH of the formula. Can be irritating in high concentrations.
Usually helps with
Product stability
Watch for
Potential for irritation if pH is not properly balanced
Emulsifier
SORBITAN ISOSTEARATE
An emulsifier that helps to blend oil and water ingredients.
Usually helps with
Product texture
An AHA that can help exfoliate and brighten the skin. Often found in fruit extracts.
Usually helps with
Dullness, texture
Watch for
Potential for irritation
Chelating Agent
TETRASODIUM GLUTAMATE DIACETATE
Helps to improve the stability and performance of the product by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
Product stability
Antioxidant
VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS FRUIT EXTRACT
Bilberry extract, rich in antioxidants and natural AHAs.
Usually helps with
Dullness, protection
A natural thickening agent that improves product texture and stability.
Usually helps with
Product texture
Preservative
PHENOXYETHANOL
A common preservative that can be irritating for some individuals.
Usually helps with
Product preservation
Watch for
Potential for irritation and allergic reactions
Preservative
POTASSIUM SORBATE
A preservative used to prevent the growth of mold and yeast.
Usually helps with
Product preservation
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated, but can be an irritant for some
Preservative
SODIUM BENZOATE
A preservative that inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Usually helps with
Product preservation
Watch for
Can be an irritant for some, especially in combination with Vitamin C