The base liquid for the formulation.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Pentylene Glycol
A humectant that also has preservative properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be mildly irritating for very sensitive skin.
A solvent and humectant that can improve the absorption of other ingredients.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated.
Emollient
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
A skin-conditioning agent derived from coconut oil and glycerin that helps to replenish skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A stable, hydrogenated form of squalene, a natural component of skin sebum. It's an excellent moisturizer.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry and mature skin
A fatty alcohol that acts as an emollient and thickener.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A humectant that helps to attract and retain moisture in the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Active
Myristyl Nicotinate
A derivative of niacin (Vitamin B3) that is thought to improve skin texture and tone. It's less likely to cause flushing than pure niacin.
Usually helps with
Uneven tone, texture, anti-aging
Watch for
Some individuals may experience mild flushing or irritation.
Emollient
Pentaerythrityl Tetraethylhexanoate
An emollient that helps to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Saccharide Isomerate
A carbohydrate complex that binds to skin cells and helps to maintain moisture balance.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
Emulsifier
Polyglyceryl-3 Stearate
An emulsifier that helps to blend oil and water components in the formula.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A classic humectant that draws water into the skin, keeping it hydrated and soft.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry
A plant-derived emollient that provides a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Provides emollient properties to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Coco-Caprylate/Caprate
A lightweight emollient derived from coconut oil and fatty alcohols.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Thickener
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer
A synthetic polymer used to thicken formulations. Some concerns exist about microplastic pollution, though its direct impact on skin is minimal.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Environmental concerns.
Emollient
Glyceryl Caprylate
A multifunctional ingredient with emollient and preservative-boosting properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A light emollient that provides a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter
A rich emollient known for its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
Dry and sensitive skin
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for acne-prone skin in high concentrations.
A humectant and solvent that also has antimicrobial properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A synthetic emollient that provides a silky, non-greasy feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emulsifier
Sodium Stearoyl Glutamate
A mild emulsifier derived from stearic acid and glutamic acid.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A component of chamomile that has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.
Usually helps with
Sensitive and irritated skin
A lightweight, plant-derived emollient that provides a smooth feel.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Film Former
Dilinoleic Acid/Butanediol Copolymer
A polymer that can form a film on the skin, helping to reduce water loss.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A common emulsifier and solubilizer. It can be ethoxylated, potentially leading to trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane, a carcinogen.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Potential for trace ethoxylated byproducts.
Preservative
Caprylhydroxamic Acid
A chelating agent and preservative booster.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant
Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Extract
Rich in antioxidants and vitamins, it can help to soothe and protect the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
pH Adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the product to ensure stability and efficacy.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be irritating in high concentrations, but safe in cosmetic formulations.
Fragrance
Parfum/Fragrance
Adds scent to the product. Fragrance compounds can be a common source of skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Watch for
Potential for irritation and allergic reactions.
Known for its soothing, moisturizing, and skin-protecting properties.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially sensitive
Preservative
Chlorphenesin
A preservative that can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some individuals.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Potential for irritation.
A provitamin of B5, it's a humectant that moisturizes, soothes, and improves skin barrier function.
Usually helps with
All skin types, especially dry and sensitive
Humectant
Polyglutamic Acid
A peptide that can hold significantly more water than hyaluronic acid, providing intense hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
Humectant
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer
A cross-linked form of hyaluronic acid that forms a hydrating film on the skin's surface.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
Chelating Agent
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate
A biodegradable chelating agent that helps to stabilize the formula.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Emollient
Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters
Esters derived from jojoba oil that help to moisturize and condition the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Likely a thickening agent like xanthan gum or sclerotium gum, providing texture.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A salt form of hyaluronic acid, known for its hydrating properties.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
A natural gum used as a thickening and stabilizing agent.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Antioxidant
Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Extract
Contains antioxidants and fatty acids that can help to soothe and protect the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A phospholipid that acts as an emulsifier and skin conditioner.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A polysaccharide that forms a film on the skin, providing a tightening effect and reducing water loss.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Sodium Acetylated Hyaluronate
A derivative of hyaluronic acid that has excellent moisturizing and skin-penetrating properties.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
Antioxidant
Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Extract
Contains antioxidants that can help protect the skin from free radical damage. Can be a mild irritant for some.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Potential for mild irritation in sensitive individuals.
A type of ceramide that is naturally found in the skin. It helps to restore and maintain the skin's barrier function.
Usually helps with
Dry, sensitive, and compromised skin
Solvent
Dipropylene Glycol
A solvent that can also act as a fragrance ingredient. It can be a skin irritant for some.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Potential for irritation.
Active
Spirodela Polyrhiza Extract
A plant extract that may offer antioxidant and soothing benefits.
Usually helps with
All skin types
An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) used to adjust pH. Can exfoliate at higher concentrations, but here likely used for pH balance.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can cause irritation at high concentrations or on sensitive skin.
pH Adjuster
Sodium Citrate
A salt of citric acid used to adjust pH.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Fragrance
Benzyl Salicylate
A common fragrance ingredient that can be a skin allergen for some individuals.
Watch for
Potential for allergic reactions.
Film Former
Castor Oil/IPDI Copolymer
A polymer that can help to create a smooth film on the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A powerful humectant that attracts and retains moisture, plumping the skin.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
Humectant
Hydrolyzed Glycosaminoglycans
Broken-down GAGs that help to hydrate and retain moisture in the skin.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
Humectant
Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate
A smaller molecular weight form of hyaluronic acid that can penetrate the skin more effectively.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
A form of Vitamin E, it's an antioxidant that protects the skin from free radical damage.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Watch for
Can be comedogenic for some acne-prone individuals.
Active
Bacillus/Sea Salt Ferment Filtrate
A fermented ingredient that may offer skin-conditioning and antioxidant benefits.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A common fragrance ingredient derived from citrus peels. It's a potential skin allergen.
Watch for
Potential for allergic reactions.
Emulsifier
Hydrogenated Lecithin
A hydrogenated form of lecithin, used as an emulsifier and skin conditioner.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A common fragrance ingredient that can be a skin allergen for some individuals.
Watch for
Potential for allergic reactions.
Can be used as an absorbent or to improve texture. Generally considered safe.
Usually helps with
All skin types
A fragrance ingredient that can be a skin allergen for some individuals.
Watch for
Potential for allergic reactions.
Emulsifier
Glyceryl Stearate
An emulsifier and emollient that helps to soften and smooth the skin.
Usually helps with
All skin types
Humectant
Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid
A smaller molecular weight form of hyaluronic acid that can penetrate the skin more effectively.
Usually helps with
Dry and dehydrated skin
A fragrance ingredient that can be a skin allergen for some individuals.
Watch for
Potential for allergic reactions.
A type of ceramide that helps to maintain the skin's barrier function and hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry, sensitive, and compromised skin
A type of ceramide that is crucial for barrier repair and moisture retention.
Usually helps with
Dry, sensitive, and compromised skin
A type of ceramide that helps to improve skin barrier function and hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry, sensitive, and compromised skin
A lipid that is a natural component of the skin barrier, helping to maintain its integrity and hydration.
Usually helps with
Dry and compromised skin
A type of ceramide that plays a vital role in skin barrier function and preventing water loss.
Usually helps with
Dry, sensitive, and compromised skin
