Primary AHA exfoliant
Glycolic Acid
This is one of the most effective AHAs for surface exfoliation, helping to shed dead skin cells and reveal brighter, smoother skin. Its small molecular size allows it to penetrate effectively.
Usually helps with
Improving skin texture, reducing dullness, and fading post-acne marks.
Watch for
Can be irritating, especially at high concentrations or for sensitive skin. Increases sun sensitivity.
The primary solvent for the formula, allowing the active ingredients to be delivered effectively.
Usually helps with
Creating a liquid base for the peel.
Watch for
Neutral ingredient.
Soothing agent
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water
Derived from the aloe vera plant, it offers soothing and hydrating properties that can help to calm the skin.
Usually helps with
Providing a mild soothing effect.
Watch for
Its benefits are likely minimal in such a high-strength acid peel.
pH adjuster
Sodium Hydroxide
Used to adjust the pH of the formula, which is critical for the efficacy and stability of the acids. At the correct pH, it is safe.
Usually helps with
Ensuring the acids work optimally.
Watch for
Can be irritating if the pH is not properly balanced.
Antioxidant
Daucus Carota Sativa Extract
Carrot root extract, which can provide antioxidant benefits.
Usually helps with
Adding some antioxidant support.
Watch for
Not a primary active ingredient.
Humectant and solvent
Propanediol
A versatile ingredient that helps to hydrate the skin and improve the texture and spreadability of the formula.
Usually helps with
Enhancing hydration and formula feel.
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated.
Emulsifier and conditioning agent
Cocamidopropyl Dimethylamine
A mild surfactant and conditioning agent that helps to create a stable emulsion and can provide a smooth feel on the skin.
Usually helps with
Improving formula texture and stability.
Watch for
Can be a potential irritant for some individuals.
BHA exfoliant
Salicylic Acid
A beta-hydroxy acid that is oil-soluble, allowing it to penetrate into pores to dissolve sebum and dead skin cells. Excellent for congestion and breakouts.
Usually helps with
Clearing pores, reducing blackheads and whiteheads, and improving acne-prone skin.
Watch for
Can be drying and irritating. Increases sun sensitivity.
A larger molecule AHA that exfoliates the skin's surface and also has hydrating properties. It's generally considered gentler than glycolic acid.
Usually helps with
Improving skin texture, hydration, and mild hyperpigmentation.
Watch for
Can still cause irritation and increase sun sensitivity.
AHA exfoliant
Tartaric Acid
Another AHA that works alongside glycolic and lactic acid to provide surface exfoliation and help maintain the formula's pH.
Usually helps with
Contributing to overall exfoliation and skin brightening.
Watch for
Can increase skin sensitivity.
AHA exfoliant and pH adjuster
Citric Acid
A common AHA found in citrus fruits, it provides mild exfoliation and helps to balance the pH of the formulation.
Usually helps with
Gentle exfoliation and maintaining formula stability.
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated but can contribute to irritation in high concentrations.
Humectant and soothing agent
Panthenol
Pro-vitamin B5, known for its hydrating, soothing, and skin-restoring properties. It helps to improve skin barrier function.
Usually helps with
Hydrating and calming the skin.
Watch for
A beneficial support ingredient, but its effects may be masked by the strong acids.
Hydrator
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer
A form of hyaluronic acid that forms a film on the skin's surface, helping to retain moisture and provide a plumping effect.
Usually helps with
Boosting hydration and improving skin's moisture barrier.
Watch for
Works well with other hydrators.
Botanical extract
Tasmannia Lanceolata Fruit/Leaf Extract
Also known as Tasmanian pepperberry extract, it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can help to soothe skin.
Usually helps with
Providing antioxidant and mild soothing benefits.
Watch for
Its soothing capacity might be limited in this high-acid formulation.
A classic humectant that draws water into the skin, helping to keep it hydrated and soft.
Usually helps with
Providing essential hydration.
Watch for
A fundamental moisturizing ingredient.
Humectant and solvent
Pentylene Glycol
A multi-functional ingredient that acts as a humectant to draw moisture to the skin and also helps to dissolve other ingredients.
Usually helps with
Improving skin hydration and formula texture.
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated.
Thickener and stabilizer
Xanthan Gum
Used to thicken the formula and prevent ingredients from separating, ensuring a consistent texture.
Usually helps with
Stabilizing the product's texture.
Watch for
Can sometimes contribute to a slightly tacky feel if over-applied.
A surfactant used to help mix oil and water-based ingredients. It can sometimes be a source of irritation for very sensitive skin.
Usually helps with
Creating a stable, uniform product.
Watch for
Potential for mild irritation in sensitive individuals.
Chelating agent
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate
Helps to stabilize the formula by binding to metal ions that can degrade the product over time.
Usually helps with
Improving product stability and shelf life.
Watch for
Neutral ingredient.
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A common preservative used to prevent the growth of mold, yeast, and fungi in cosmetic products.
Usually helps with
Protecting the product from microbial contamination.
Watch for
Generally safe, but some individuals may experience sensitivity.
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
Another preservative that works with potassium sorbate to ensure the product remains safe and stable throughout its use.
Usually helps with
Enhancing the preservative system.
Watch for
Can be a mild irritant for some, especially in combination with other ingredients.
Preservative booster and skin conditioner
Ethylhexylglycerin
A multi-functional ingredient that enhances the effectiveness of preservatives and can also act as a skin conditioner.
Usually helps with
Improving preservation and skin feel.
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated.
Humectant and preservative booster
1,2-Hexanediol
A solvent and humectant that also helps to boost the preservative system, contributing to the product's stability.
Usually helps with
Hydration and preservation support.
Watch for
Usually well-tolerated.
Emollient and preservative booster
Caprylyl Glycol
An emollient that helps to soften the skin and also acts as a preservative booster, enhancing the product's shelf life.
Usually helps with
Improving skin feel and product preservation.
Watch for
Generally well-tolerated.