The base liquid of the formulation.
Usually helps with
Hydration
An alpha hydroxy acid that exfoliates the skin, helping to improve texture, tone, and brightness. Can cause irritation and increased sun sensitivity.
Usually helps with
Exfoliation, brightening, texture improvement
Watch for
Irritation, redness, increased sun sensitivity
Soothing
Rosa damascena flower water
Rose water can have soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing
Soothing
Centaurea cyanus flower water
Cornflower water is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.
Usually helps with
Soothing
Soothing
Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water
Aloe vera is known for its hydrating, soothing, and anti-inflammatory benefits.
Usually helps with
Soothing, hydration
A humectant that helps draw moisture to the skin and improves product texture.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A common and effective humectant that draws water into the skin, keeping it hydrated.
Usually helps with
Hydration
pH Adjuster
Triethanolamine
Used to adjust the pH of the formula. Can be irritating in higher concentrations.
Usually helps with
pH balance
Watch for
Potential for irritation
pH Adjuster
Aminomethyl Propanol
Another pH adjuster, often used as an alternative to triethanolamine.
Usually helps with
pH balance
Watch for
Potential for irritation
Antioxidant
Panax Ginseng Root Extract
Ginseng extract is rich in antioxidants and may help improve skin radiance.
Usually helps with
Radiance, antioxidant protection
Soothing
Tasmannia Lanceolata Fruit/Leaf Extract
A derivative of Tasmanian pepperberry, known for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, which can help mitigate acid-induced irritation.
Usually helps with
Soothing, reducing irritation
An amino acid that plays a role in skin health and hydration.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
An amino acid that contributes to skin's natural moisturizing factors.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
An amino acid that helps with skin hydration and repair.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, hydration
An amino acid that helps maintain skin's moisture barrier.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, hydration
An amino acid that is a component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
An amino acid that contributes to skin health.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
An amino acid important for collagen production and skin elasticity.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, elasticity
An amino acid that is part of the skin's natural moisturizing factor.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
An amino acid with antioxidant properties.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, antioxidant
An amino acid that may play a role in skin pigmentation.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
An amino acid that helps with skin hydration.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, hydration
An amino acid that helps with skin repair and hydration.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning, repair
Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid is a component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor.
Usually helps with
Hydration
The sodium salt of PCA, a highly effective humectant that attracts and binds moisture to the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A salt of lactic acid, it's a humectant that helps keep skin hydrated.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A sugar that acts as a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A sugar that can help hydrate the skin.
Usually helps with
Hydration
Sugar that can act as a humectant.
Usually helps with
Hydration
A component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor, it helps hydrate and soften skin. Can be irritating in high concentrations.
Usually helps with
Hydration, softening
Watch for
Potential for irritation
Skin Conditioning
Hexyl Nicotinate
A derivative of niacin (Vitamin B3) that may help improve skin texture and appearance.
Usually helps with
Skin conditioning
A polysaccharide used as a binder or thickener.
Usually helps with
Texture
An alpha hydroxy acid used to adjust pH. Can also provide mild exfoliation.
Usually helps with
pH balance, mild exfoliation
Watch for
Potential for irritation
A surfactant and emulsifier. Can be a skin irritant for some.
Usually helps with
Emulsifying
Watch for
Potential for irritation
A gelling agent used to thicken formulations.
Usually helps with
Texture
Chelating Agent
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate
A chelating agent that helps stabilize the formula by binding to metal ions.
Usually helps with
Stability
Viscosity Adjuster
Sodium Chloride
Common salt, used here to adjust the viscosity of the product.
Usually helps with
Texture
A solvent and viscosity-decreasing agent. Can be an irritant for some.
Usually helps with
Solvent
Watch for
Potential for irritation
Preservative
Potassium Sorbate
A common preservative used to prevent microbial growth.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Preservative
Sodium Benzoate
A preservative that inhibits the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
Usually helps with
Preservation
Preservative
1,2-Hexanediol
A multifunctional ingredient used as a preservative booster and humectant.
Usually helps with
Preservation, hydration
An emollient and preservative booster that also has skin-conditioning properties.
Usually helps with
Emollience, preservation